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氧化復(fù)原滴定法

Oxidative recovery titration

氧化復(fù)原滴定法是指將待測樣品精細(xì)加碘滴定液后，邊振搖邊滴加NaOH 滴定液，在暗處放置30 min，加稀硫酸，用硫代硫酸鈉滴定液滴定，近終點(diǎn)時(shí)，加淀粉指示液繼續(xù)滴定藍(lán)色消逝，依據(jù)滴定液運(yùn)用量，計(jì)算葡萄糖的含量。該辦法在測定右旋糖酐40 葡萄糖注射液中葡萄糖的含量中被普遍采用。

The oxidative recovery titration method refers to adding NaOH titration solution while shaking after the fine iodized titration solution of the sample to be tested, placing it in the dark for 30 minutes, diluting sulphuric acid, titrating with sodium thiosulfate titration solution, and adding starch indicator solution to titrate until the blue fades at the near end point, and calculating the content of glucose according to the amount of the titration solution used. This method has been widely used in the determination of dextran 40 Glucose injection.

碘-淀粉體系褪色光度法

Fading spectrophotometry of iodine-starch system

碘與淀粉體系褪色光度法的原理是應(yīng)用葡萄糖復(fù)原性和碘與淀粉能構(gòu)成藍(lán)色配合物的性質(zhì)。待測液中參加適量NaOH 后，I2與NaOH 生成的NaIO 能定量地將葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸，過量的NaIO 則歧化生成NaIO3和NaI。然后將體系調(diào)酸性，NaIO3與NaI 反響重重生成I2，析出的I2又與淀粉構(gòu)成藍(lán)色配合物。反響前后的吸光度差與參加的葡萄糖含量呈良好的線性關(guān)系，據(jù)此能夠測定葡萄糖的含量。

The fading spectrophotometry of iodine and starch system is based on the application of glucose recovery and the properties of blue complexes formed by iodine and starch. NaIO produced by I2 and NaOH can quantitatively oxidize glucose to gluconic acid after adding appropriate amount of NaOH in the solution to be measured, while NaIO3 and NaI can be disproportionated to excess NaIO. Then the system was adjusted to acidity. NaIO3 reacted with NaI to regenerate I2. The precipitated I2 formed a blue complex with starch. The absorbance difference before and after the reaction has a good linear relationship with the glucose content of the participants, which can be used to determine the content of glucose.

葡萄糖己糖激酶法

Glucose hexokinase method

其原理是己糖激酶催化葡萄糖生成葡糖-6-磷酸。之后葡糖-6-磷酸被氧化，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生復(fù)原型β—煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸。系統(tǒng)將監(jiān)測340 nm的光吸收變化，該變化與樣品中的血糖濃度呈正比，依此計(jì)算并給出血糖濃度。
無水葡萄糖

The principle is that hexokinase catalyzes glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphoric acid is then oxidized to produce a duplicate beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The system will monitor the change of light absorption at 340 nm, which is proportional to the blood sugar concentration in the sample, and then calculate and give the blood sugar concentration.

中紅外衰減全反射光譜法

Mid-Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectrometry

葡萄糖在中紅外波段具有1152，1108，1 080，1 035，992 cm－ 1 等5 個(gè)葡萄糖基頻特征吸收峰，因而，中紅外衰減全反射(ATR) 光譜辦法可以丈量濃度。采用中紅外ATR 光譜法，分別采集自然狀態(tài)和浸透狀態(tài)時(shí)皮下組織中的葡萄糖的光譜數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)用二維關(guān)光譜技術(shù)剖析了兩種狀態(tài)下組織液中的葡萄糖濃度。結(jié)果標(biāo)明：應(yīng)用低頻超聲和真空負(fù)壓等物理或化學(xué)輔助辦法將組織液浸透到皮膚表層，能夠完成中紅外ATR光譜法檢測皮下組織液中葡萄糖。

Glucose has five characteristic absorption peaks in the mid-infrared band of 1152, 1108, 1 080, 1 035, 992 cm-1. Therefore, the concentration can be measured by mid-infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. Mid-infrared ATR spectroscopy was used to collect the spectroscopic data of glucose in subcutaneous tissues in natural state and immersion state respectively. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was used to analyze the concentration of glucose in tissue fluids in two states. The results showed that the method of low frequency ultrasound and vacuum negative pressure could be used to immerse tissue fluid into the skin surface, and the mid-infrared ATR spectroscopy could be used to detect glucose in subcutaneous tissue fluid.

液相法

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

液相色譜( HPLC) 法是檢測生化分子的通用辦法，葡萄糖液能夠用此法測定。葛姍姍等人采用HPLC 法，測定紅腺忍冬葉水提液中葡萄糖的含量。12 批次紅腺忍冬葉的檢測結(jié)果標(biāo)明，該辦法能使葡萄糖和其它物質(zhì)得到良好的別離。線性范圍為33.75 -2 160 mg /L，精度為1.31 %，穩(wěn)定性分別為2.25 %，反復(fù)性為1.85 %，均勻加樣回收率為97.58 %。

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a general method for detecting biochemical molecules. Glucose solution can be determined by this method. Ge Shanshan et al. determined the content of glucose in the water extract of Lonicera japonica Leaves by HPLC. The results of 12 batches of Lonicera japonica leaves showed that this method could make glucose and other substances separated well. The linear range is 33.75-2 160 mg/L, the accuracy is 1.31%, the stability is 2.25%, the repeatability is 1.85%, and the recovery of uniform sample addition is 97.58%.

應(yīng)用特異性互相作用

Application Specificity Interaction

應(yīng)用特定物質(zhì)對(duì)葡萄糖分子的特異性辨認(rèn)，能夠分離外表等離子體共振SPR)等技術(shù)停止測定。當(dāng)金膜外表配位體與剖析物發(fā)作互相作用，會(huì)招致SPR信號(hào)變化，從而停止測定。經(jīng)過特異性辨認(rèn)作用在SPR傳感器的金膜外表構(gòu)建了伴刀豆球蛋白A/葡聚糖修飾的金納米顆粒自組裝膜。當(dāng)有葡萄糖存在時(shí)，膜被合成，從而完成對(duì)葡萄糖的靈活檢測。結(jié)果標(biāo)明，該傳感器能夠選擇性地檢測0.1～100 mmol /L濃度范圍內(nèi)的葡萄糖溶液，且敏感膜能夠?qū)掖卧偕\(yùn)用。

Specific identification of specific substances for glucose molecules can be used to separate surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and other techniques to stop the determination. When the outer ligand of the gold film interacts with the analyte, the SPR signal changes and the determination stops. Gold nanoparticles self-assembled monolayers modified with concanavalin A/dextran were constructed on the gold surface of SPR sensor by specific recognition. In the presence of glucose, the membrane is synthesized, thus completing the flexible detection of glucose. The results show that the sensor can selectively detect glucose solution in the concentration range of 0.1-100 mmol/L, and the sensitive membrane can be regenerated repeatedly.

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