經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在食物中的麥芽糊精是什么？
來源：http://la-lin.cn 日期：2021-02-26 發(fā)布人：admin
麥芽糊精是一種常見的食品填充料和增稠劑。各類淀粉（如玉米、大米、小麥）是它的生產(chǎn)原料。在水、酶及酸性物質(zhì)的作用下被糊化、部分水解，通過噴霧干燥制成，呈白色粉末狀。
Maltodextrin is a common food filler and thickener. All kinds of starch (such as corn, rice, wheat) are its raw materials. It is gelatinized and partially hydrolyzed under the action of water, enzyme and acidic substances. It is made by spray drying and is white powder.
麥芽糊精粘性高，能較好地將食物中不同成分“綁定”在一起，增加食品穩(wěn)定性。麥芽糊精也能作為防腐劑，延長食品保質(zhì)期。
Maltodextrin has high viscosity, which can bind different ingredients in food and increase food stability. Maltodextrin can also be used as preservative to extend the shelf life of food.
由于便宜、功能多樣，絕大多數(shù)食品和飲品中都有麥芽糊精的身影，例如各式餅干、冰淇淋、蛋糕、沙拉醬、乳清蛋白粉、人工甜味劑、運動飲料、固體飲料、火腿等加工肉類、低脂食品和保健品中。
Because of its low price and various functions, maltodextrin is found in most foods and drinks, such as biscuits, ice cream, cakes, salad dressings, whey protein powder, artificial sweeteners, sports drinks, solid drinks, ham and other processed meat, low-fat foods and health products.
部分嬰幼兒有乳糖不耐受的情況，因此，市面上也有用麥芽糊精替代乳糖的奶粉，滿足這部分嬰幼兒的糖份和熱量需求。
Some infants have lactose intolerance. Therefore, milk powder with maltodextrin instead of lactose is also available on the market to meet the sugar and calorie needs of these infants.
麥芽糊精在體內(nèi)的“消化路線”和淀粉類食品一樣，終會被消化、分解為葡萄糖，為人體提供熱量。
Maltodextrin in the body of the "digestion route" and starch food, will eventually be digested, decomposed into glucose, to provide heat for the human body.
麥芽糊精的吸收速度和葡萄糖差不多，因此也屬于升糖指數(shù)高，也就是吃下后能快速提升血糖的類別。但考慮到實際攝入量與其它提升血糖的食物相比不算大，因此對血糖濃度的整體影響偏小。
Maltodextrin's absorption speed is similar to that of glucose, so it also belongs to the category of high glycemic index, that is, it can quickly improve blood glucose after eating. However, considering that the actual intake is not large compared with other foods to increase blood glucose, the overall impact on blood glucose concentration is small.
麥芽糊精對腸道健康的影響，尤其是本身已有腸道疾病的人群，可能帶來的負面影響，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，麥芽糊精可引起低度炎癥或加重腸道炎癥，影響腸道菌群平衡。也可抑制腸道自身的免疫、能力，導致腸道內(nèi)致病細菌數(shù)量增加，加大患上腸道炎癥的概率（尤其對于腸道炎癥疾病的高危、易感群體）。
Maltodextrin has a negative effect on intestinal health, especially for people with intestinal diseases. Studies have found that maltodextrin can cause low-grade inflammation or aggravate intestinal inflammation, affecting the balance of intestinal flora. It can also inhibit the immune and antibacterial ability of the gut, increase the number of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, and increase the probability of suffering from intestinal inflammation (especially for the high-risk and susceptible groups of intestinal inflammatory diseases).
部分實驗用的麥芽糊精的濃度與嬰幼兒奶粉中添加的麥芽糊精的濃度是一致的。
The concentration of maltodextrin used in some experiments is consistent with that added in infant milk powder.
于多數(shù)健康人群來說，不需要為偶爾一次兩次攝入麥芽糊精太過擔心，談之色變。腸道炎癥類型的疾病病理機制復雜，由多種因素共同影響。而目前的相關(guān)研究不足以支撐 “健康人群吃下麥芽糊精后會患上腸道炎癥”的說法。但麥芽糊精廣泛存在于加工食品中，而許多加工食品和加工零食本身就存在糖、鹽和反式脂肪過多，膳食纖維、維生素和礦物質(zhì)不足的問題。如果總吃這種類型的加工食品、零食，總有身體會有各種小毛病出現(xiàn)。
For most healthy people, there is no need to worry too much about taking maltodextrin once or twice. The pathological mechanism of intestinal inflammation is complex, which is affected by many factors. However, the current relevant research is not enough to support the statement that "healthy people will suffer from intestinal inflammation after eating maltodextrin". However, maltodextrin widely exists in processed foods, and many processed foods and snacks have the problems of excessive sugar, salt and trans fat, and insufficient dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. If you always eat this type of processed food and snacks, you will have all kinds of small problems one day.
因此，盡量選擇新鮮的、非加工的、營養(yǎng)密度高的食品。實在想購買加工食品時，留意包裝上的配料表，盡量避免選擇有麥芽糊精的版本，或者在配料表上麥芽糊精排在后面的食品（排在越后面，說明添加量越少）。
Therefore, try to choose fresh, non processed, high nutritional density food. If you really want to buy processed food, pay attention to the ingredients list on the package, and try to avoid the version with maltodextrin, or the food with maltodextrin in the back of the ingredients list (the more the food is in the back, the less it is added).
對于已患有腸炎（如克羅恩?。?，以及腸炎高風險人群，在日常生活中應(yīng)盡量避免食用含麥芽糊精的加工食品、飲品。
For those who have already suffered from enteritis (such as Crohn's disease) and those with high risk of enteritis, we should try to avoid eating processed foods and drinks containing maltodextrin in daily life.
對于為嬰幼兒挑選奶粉的父母，由于嬰幼兒腸道較弱，盡量也避免挑選含有麥芽糊精的配方奶，除非嬰幼兒患有乳糖不耐受。
For parents who choose milk powder for infants and young children, due to the weak intestinal tract of infants and young children, try to avoid choosing formula containing maltodextrin, unless infants and young children have lactose intolerance.